For Change #10, since we can include PHP code in the theme, we don't need to use JavaScript to filter out the Uncategorized category. We can use an add_filter function on the get_the_terms hook in functions.php to remove Uncategorized before the wp:post-terms block displays the categories.
The block also has a parameter for the prefix to the displayed list, so we changed it from "Posted in " to "Categories: ".